final particle

A novel method based on 'the relationship between the energy utility ratio and the initial particle inversion' to solve the final particle inversion remaining is advanced firstly. And this method simplified the numerical calculation procedure of the Q-switched fiber laser.

首次提出了一种基于‘能量利用率与初始反转粒子数的关系’求解剩余反转粒子数的新方法，该方法简化了调Q光纤激光器数值计算的过程。

The sentence-final particle va in Shanghai dialect is a marker for yes-no questions.

上海话的句末助词“(口伐)”用来构成 是非 问句.

At the discourse level, sentence final particle le signals the end of a discourse block.

在话语层面，句末助词‘了’可能成为话语结束的标志。

It is found that the independent fragmentation assumption is strongly disfavored by the data of the final particle multiplicities, and the string fragmentation assumption agrees with experiments.

进一步计算出末态强子多重数与实验结果比较，发现独立碎裂假定与实验矛盾，而弦碎裂假定符合较好。

"Boundary" is the key feature of sentence final particle le, whose function is to manifest a "change of state".

“界”是句尾助词“了”的核心意义，其功能是表示“状态的变化”。